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By the first 100 years A.D., wine was being exported from Italy to Spain, Germany, and France. It wasen't long before these countries ended up developing their own vineyards. Over the next few centries France had become the dominant producer of wines on the world market. Monastaries are known to have been reponsible for establishing several of the most sought after wines in the vineyards of France. Exploration and settlement brought wine to Mexico, Argentina, and South Africa in the 1500's and 1600's. Considered to be the father of the California Wine Industry, Jean-Louis Vignes planted the first European wine vines in northern California. He founded the Buena Vista Winery in 1857, which boasts 1,000 acres of vineyards in both Sonoma and Napa counties, and produces over half a million bottles of wine per year!
Made from fermented grape juice, wine is classified into 3 basic types: Natural, Sparkling, & Fortified. Natural wines may be Red, White, & Rose, and be classified in taste as Dry, Medium, or Sweet. Sparkling wines are given a 2nd fermatation in which added yeast eats up the sugar in the wine and produces carbon dioxide to give the wine a carbonated nature, much like soda pop. Tiny bubbles noticed in sparkling wines are from this natural process, while larger bubbles indicate carbon dioxide was added by machine. Fortified wines, such as Port, Sherry, Marsala, Vermouth, Maderia, Muscat, and Sangria, were made to have a longer shelf life. While there are spirits that are made from wine, the fortification process is created by when alcohol is added to the wine, thus killing the yeast before the fermintation process is completed, which leaves residual sugar. The higher levels of alcohol and sweetness help to preserve the wine longer. Wine is usually aged for several years in wood barrels, allowing the wood to influence the characteristics of the wine from taste, color, depth, complexity, and so on.
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Maiolatesi Wine Cellars Winery
728 Scranton Carbondale Hwy, Archbald, PA 18403 Map
570 876-3275
Capra-Collina Winery
132 Constitution Ave, Jessup, PA 18434 Map
570 489-0489
Preate Winery Inc
859 South Main St, Old Forge, PA 18518 Map
570 457-1555
Cartegna Family Wines
610 Boyle St, Scranton, PA 18512 Map
570 343-4618
Nimble Hill Vineyard & Winery
426 Sr, Tunkhannock, PA 18657 Map
570 836-9463
Antler Ridge Winery
1302 Roosevelt Hwy, Waymart, PA 18472 Map
570 253-7878
Crossing Vineyard Wine-Cheese
1280 Highway 315 Blvd, Wilkes Barre, PA 18711 Map
570 208-9500
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